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Peanut yield and quality are seriously affected by pod rot pathogens worldwide, especially in China in recent years. The goals of this study are to analyze the structure of fungal communities of peanut pod rot in soil in three peanut cultivars and the correlation of pod rot with environmental variables using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 46,723 internal transcribed spacer high-quality sequences were obtained and grouped into 1,706 operational taxonomic units at the 97% similarity cut-off level. The coverage, rank abundance, and the Chao 1 and Shannon diversity indices of the operational taxonomic units were analyzed. Members of the phylum Ascomycota were dominant, such as Fusarium, Chaetomium, Alternaria, and Sordariomycetes, followed by Basidiomycota. The results of the heatmap and redundancy analysis revealed significant variation in the composition of the fungal community among the three cultivar samples. The environmental conditions in different peanut cultivars may also influence on the structure of the fungal community. The results of this study suggest that the causal agent of peanut pod rot may be more complex, and cultivars and environmental conditions are both important contributors to the community structure of peanut pod rot fungi.
Subject(s)
Alternaria , Arachis , Ascomycota , Basidiomycota , Chaetomium , China , Fungi , Fusarium , SoilABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical effects of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic surgeries for rectal cancer (RC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT).Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 126 patients with RC who received laparoscopic surgery after nCRT in the Liaoning Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to January 2014 were collected.Of 126 patients,63 undergoing 3D laparoscopic surgery and 63 undergoing 2D laparoscopic surgery were respectively allocated into the 3D and 2D groups.Surgery was performed by the same doctors' team.Patients received surgery at 6-8 weeks after nCRT,and surgery followed the principle of total mesorectal excision.Observation indicators:(1) intra-and post-operative situations;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3)follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect local tumor recurrence and patients' survival up to January 2017.Patients received reexaminations once every 3 months within 1 year postoperatively and once every 6 months after 2-3 years postoperatively.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Comparison of ordinal data was done by the nonparametric test.Survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method.Survival was analyzed using the Logrank test.Results (1) Intra-and post-operative situations:all the patients underwent successful laparoscopic surgery for RC,without conversion to open surgery and perioperative death.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time to anal exsufflation and number of patients with postoperative urinary dysfunction were (125±10)minutes,(54±23)mL,(44±5)hours,0 in the 3D group and (137±12)minutes,(62±20)mL,(46±5) hours,5 in the 2D group,respectively,with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (t=5.777,2.038,2.575,x2 =7.138,P＜0.05).Number of patients with preserving anus,number of lymph node dissected,number of patients with anastomotic fistula and duration of hospital stay were 60,14.9±2.1,2,(9.5±0.8)days in the 3D group and 58,14.3± 1.7,4,(9.9±2.0)days in the 2D group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.133,t=1.606,x2 =0.175,t =1.329,P＞0.05).Two and 4 patients with anastomotic leakage in the 3D and 2D groups received defunctioning stoma,and finally anastomotic leakage healed,without anastomotic stenosis.Of 5 patients with urinary dysfunction in the 2D group,4 received indwelling catheter for 3 weeks and then can micturate autonomously after indwelling catheter removal,1 received indwelling catheter for 3 months and then can micturate autonomously after indwelling catheter removal,without suprapubic cystostomy.(2) Postoperative pathological examination:0 and 4 patients in the 3D and 2D groups had positive circumferential margin,with a statistically significant difference (x2=5.676,P＜0.05).One and 2 patients in the 3D and 2D groups had positive distal margin,with no statistically significant difference (x2 =1.606,P＞0.05).Number of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ of postoperative pathological staging were 30,33 in the 3D group and 32,31 in the 2D group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=0.127,P＞0.05).(3) Follow-up and survival situations:126 patients were followed up for 36.0-48.0months,with a median time of 39.5 months.During the follow-up,0 and 3 patients in the 3D and 2D groups were complicated with local tumor recurrence,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =4.232,P＜0.05).One-and 3-year overall survival rates were 98.4％,82.5％ in the 3D group and 96.8％,79.4％ in the 2D group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.206,P＞0.05).One-and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 92.7％,77.8％ in the 3D group and 90.5％,73.0％in the 2D group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=0.421,P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with 2D laparoscopic surgery,3D laparoscopic surgery for RC after nCRT is safe and feasible,it can also shorten operation time,reduce intraoperative bleeding,alleviate the influence of intestinal peristalsis function,protect pelvic nerves better and improve operation quality.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects and advantages of flexible 3D laparoscopic surgery on rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Methods The data of 152 patients who received laparoscopic rectal cancer resection after nCRT excluding the cases of high rectal cancer, cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction were analyzed from January 2015 to January 2016 in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of Liaoning Cancer Hospital. The distances from the annal edge to the inferior tumor margin were within 8 cm in these patients. Among these patients, 76 cases received the 3D laparoscopic surgery after nCRT (3D-nCRT), and 76 cases undergone the 2D laparoscopic surgery after nCRT (2D-nCRT). Results Between two groups, the number of lymph node harvest (14.8±2.1 vs. 14.3±1.7), positive rate of the distal margin [1.3 % (1/76) vs. 2.6 % (2/76)], reserving anus rate [92.1 % (70/76) vs. 81.2 % (67/76)], local recurrence rate [1.3 % (1/76) vs. 3.9 % (3/76)] and anastomotic leakage rate [2.6 % (2/76) vs. 3.9 % (3/76)] had no statistical differences (all P>0.05), while the operative time [(125.3±10.2) min vs. (136.6±12.0) min], intraoperative bleeding [(54.1±23.2) ml vs. (61.9±19.5) ml], anus exhaust time [(43.5±5.0) h vs. (45.4±5.6) h] and positive rate of circumferential resection margin (CRM) [1.3 % (1/76) vs. 9.2 % (7/76)] had statistical differences (all P< 0.05). Conclusion Flexible 3D laparoscopic surgery on rectal cancer after nCRT can shorten operative time, reduce intraoperative bleeding, alleviate the influence of intestinal peristalsis function, and improve operative quality.
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Objective:To nvestigate the clinical curative effects and advantages on neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) combined with laparoscopy in lower rectal reserving annus surgery.Methods:we make a retrospective analysis of 141 patients (nCRT group) who received nCRT combined with laparoscopic rectal cancer resection and of 141 cases simply received laparoscopic rectal cancer resection at the same period in the department of coiorectal surgery,Cancer Hospital of China Medical University、Liaoning Cancer Hospital&Institute,from December 2013 to December 2015.Results:Two groups in operation time,anus exhausting time,hospital stay time,number of harvest lymph node,incision infection rate,anastomotic leakage rate are not statistic differences;Two groups of reserving anus rate (136/141 vs 125/141,P＜0.05),intraoperating bleeding (54.8 ± 23.4ml vs 69.7 ± 29.1 mL,P＜0.05),positive rate of distance resection margin (0/141VS 2/141,P＜0.05),length of distance resection margin(2.35 ± 0.70VS2.02 ± 0.46,P＜0.05),local recurrence rate (2/141 VS 9/141,P＜0.05) are statistic differences.Conclusion:Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy(nCRT) combined with laparoscopic rectal resection can improve reserving anus rate and reduce local recurrence rate.